If a Family Member has Celiac, What are Your Risks?
February 22nd, 2010An increasing number of individuals are being diagnosis with Celiac. Lately, I have been receiving questions from relatives concerning their risk of developing Celiac. Before answering the question individuals need to understand the genetic and environmental elements involved.
Firstly, Celiac disease is a heritable autoimmune condition. It occurs mostly in whites but has been found in individuals from South America, Eastern Europe, the Near East, Pakistan, Cuba, and North Africa. It is most commonly found in ancestry from Scandinavia, Italy, Ireland, England, Scotland, Spain, Israel, and Palestine. Individuals from these countries may have a HLA (human leukocyte antigen) phenotype of B8, DR3,and DQW2. These specific human leukocyte antigens (HLA) have evidently evolved rejecting the wheat protein (gluten). All these HLAs have a high incidence of Celiac. Testing for these HLAs may give some predictability but does not automatically insure celiac occurrence. Statistics however, have shown some interesting numbers among family members. Siblings of Celiac individuals have the highest percentage risk of developing Celiac. Siblings have 40 to 50 percent risk, identical twins 70 to 100 percent, and relatives have a 20 to 50 percent risk. Certain autoimmune diseases are common with the incidence of Celiac. They are: type 1 diabetes, thyroid disease, Addison’s disease, Sjorgen’s disease, and Immunoglobulin A deficiency. If any of your relatives have these diseases, your risk is increased.
Lastly, environmental factors can also increase the risk of Celiac. The factors are: gastrointestinal surgery, digesting high doses of gluten (i.e. pizza, pasta, fast foods), pregnancy, and viral infection. These conditions may heighten the immunologic response to gluten foods, increasing the risk. Because of the increased use of wheat in convenience foods, members of this society are experiencing more environmental risks than ever before. Is it any wonder that the celiac numbers have increased?
